Publisher's Synopsis
Excerpt from Planning Systems Characteristics and Planning Effectiveness
Recognizing this requirement, some recent research studies have employed richer conceptualizations of planning. Wood and laforge (1979, 1981) seek to classify organizations based on a seven-level Guttman-type scale of planning Sophistication. A score of zero on their scale implies a complete absence of formal planning, while a score of six indicates comprehensive planning. Despite this improvement, the scale treats planning in essentially unidimensional terms. Yet the conceptual literature emphasizes that planning. Is a multifaceted management system (rax and Majluf, 1984; King and Cleland, 1978; Lorange and Vancil, 1980) that is an integral feature of the overall management process of an organization (steiner, These writings would strongly argue in favor of a multidimensional treatment of planning in empirical research. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
