Laparoscopic access to the lumbar spine dramatically reduces the postoperative pain and hospitalization associated with diskectomy and fusion. Also, gasless technology allows the use of standard open instrumentation techniques for the fusion, since trocars are not necessary. This CD-ROM provides a step-by-step tutorial on this technique using an interactive model. Illustrations and live video are used to demonstrate the details of the operation, including complications and helpful strategies.Windows / Macintosh Compatible