Publisher's Synopsis
This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1917 edition. Excerpt: ... 2. Case Endings of the Ancient Persian. 266. Of the eight cases belonging to the IndoEuropean, the Ancient Persian preserved seven regularly, the dative having been lost, except in certain pronouns, and its functions taken over by the genitive. With the loss of the final explosive (229) of the ablative singular ending of a-stems (I. E.-6d: -ed), this case and the instrumental singular came to be written alike, while in a-stems and consonant stems the ablative and the genitive were the same. Very few dual forms occur, and these only in the nominative-accusative and ablative-instrumental cases. a. Masculines and Feminines. Singular. 267. As in Indo-European, the Nominative of nouns in-a was the bare stem; e. g., Anc. Pers. haina, army, tauma, family. Cf. I. E. ekwa. So also in n-, r-, s-, and s-stems, as xsa0rapava (stem xsa0rapavan), brata (stem bratar), vi"dafarna (stem-nan), haxamanis. astems representing Indo-European o-stems, with Aryan nominative-as (93), losing the-s (192) present also the bare stem as nominative; as kara (for karah karas). i-and u-stems have their nominative in, the Aryan alteration of Indo-European s following these vowels (190); as siyatis, welfare, kurus, Cyrus. The Ancient Persian has also extended the s-suffix, by analogy, to the i-stems ( I. E. ye-stems), as baxtris, stem baxtri, Bactria. 268. The Vocative had no ending. An example from an a-stem (I. E. o-stem) occurs in martiya, man (-a for-a I. E.-e, 61). 269. In the Accusative the Indo-European-m and-m appear as-m and-am, respectively; thus, hainam ( I. E.-a-m), karam ( I. E.-o-m), siyatim ( I. E.-i-m), magum ( I. E.-u-m), harauvatim (i-stem), asmanam ( I. E.-n-m), framataram ( I. E.-r-m), naham ( I. E.-s-m), vi0am ( I. E.-m). 270. The..."
