Publisher's Synopsis
Encyclopaedia of Hydraulics in Civil and Environmental Engineering covers all the fundamental topics in hydraulic machines, flood hydrology, and computational modeling, principles of fluid flow, behavior of real fluids. This succinct and enlightening overview is essential reading for undergraduate students and practising engineers around the world who want an accessible, thorough and trusted introduction to the subject. Hydraulics is a topic in applied science and engineering dealing with the mechanical properties of liquids or fluids. At a very basic level, hydraulics is the liquid version of pneumatics. Fluid mechanics provides the theoretical foundation for hydraulics, which focuses on the engineering uses of fluid properties. In fluid power, hydraulics are used for the generation, control, and transmission of power by the use of pressurized liquids. Hydraulic topics range through some part of science and most of engineering modules, and cover concepts such as pipe flow, dam design, fluidics and fluid control circuitry, pumps, turbines, hydropower, computational fluid dynamics, flow measurement, river channel behaviour and erosion. The text Understanding Hydraulics introduces the fundamental concepts involved in hydraulics. First chapter focuses on unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of fractal-textured soils. In this chapter, the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) and relative hydraulic conductivity (RHC) function were derived and expressed by the effective degree of saturation based on the fractal model for the pore surface. The proposed soil-water characteristic curve and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity function were examined in detail. The impact of ice cover on local scour around bridge piers is presented in second chapter. Third chapter explores how changes in hydraulic conductivity may affect modelled rates of water flow through forested watersheds, with flows referring to infiltration, percolation, run-off, interflow, base flow, and stream discharge. Fourth chapter examines five limitations of hydraulic fractures and interpretation techniques, and describe the increases in well productivity that can be achieved when efforts are made to address and compensate for these deficiencies. Fifth chapter presents hydraulic and sleeve fracturing laboratory experiments on six rock types. Sixth chapter highlights on hydraulic fracturing in jointed rock. Seventh chapter presents the measured hydraulic conductivity results and the relationship among the hydraulic conductivity, RQD, DI, GCD, and LPI. The application of the proposed HC model was also addressed. The objective of eighth chapter is to derive hydraulic geometry relations using bed load formulae and compare them. Hydraulic fracturing in formations with permeable natural fractures has been presented in ninth chapter. Hydraulic conductivity of semi-quasi stable soils is presented in tenth chapter. Last chapter proposes a comprehensive review of the electrokinetic coupling in rocks and sediments and a comprehensive review of the different approaches to deduce hydraulic properties in various contexts.
