Publisher's Synopsis
Anything that is around us is in constant motion, sometimes visible and sometimes not. As human beings, we need mobility to solve our problems. Sometimes we have movement disorders that last through our whole life.
The spinal cord extends from the brainstem to the lumbar spine. Spinal cord injury (SCI) damages a group of cells and nerves that transfer and receive signals from the brain to the body.
Anatomy of spine
The spinal cord is a soft cylindrical column of neurons and neuro-fibers (named Axon) that transfer the neuro signals. It transfers and receives information from the brain to the body. Millions of neurons placed in the spine, coordinate complex movement patterns like rhythmic breathing and walking.
The spinal cord extends through a canal in the center of the spine, from the brain to the lower back. Like the brain, the spine is protected by three layers of membranes that are surrounded by Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), acting as protecting pillows against heat or injuries.
Inside the spine includes:
A group of neurons exist right out of the spine that transfer the information to the brain.
31 pairs of neurons, each of them includes thousands of axons, divided into four separate parts. Connecting the spine to the muscles and other parts of the body:
Cervical spinal nerves (C1- C8), exit from the spinal cord in the neck and control the signals to the back of the head, neck and shoulders, arms and hand, and finally to the diaphragm.
Thoracic spinal nerves (T1- T12), exit from the spinal cord at the top middle back, and control some signals to the chest muscles, some of the back's muscles, and many of the organs' systems like the abdomen.
Lumbar spinal nerves (L1- L5), exit from the spine cord in the lower back and control signals to the lower abdomen and back, hips and some parts of external genitalia, and some parts of the leg.
Sacral Plexus- spine nerves (S1- S5), exit from the spinal cord in the lower back and control signals to the thighs and curve, feet and most external genitalia, and the area around the anus. The spine that surrounds the spinal cord and protects it, is made up of 33 vertebrae, discs, and dark spaces named Foramen that act as a passage for the spinal nerves to move through the
