Publisher's Synopsis
While sheep, like other fann animals, suffer from various infections and non-infectious diseases, the most serious losses, especially in fann flocks, are due to internal parasites (Dikmans and Shorb, 1942). Sheep and goats have a noteworthy role in economic growth of the country by contributing to both domestic and export markets through provision of meat and milk and non-food products like manure, skin, and wool (Duguma et al., 2011). Nonetheless, until date, the benefit obtained from these livestock are hampered due to parasitic infection. Helminth diseases are among the most important technical constraints that have hindered the development and production of these small ruminants (Abdela and Jilo, 2016; Jilo et al., 2016).
Helminth parasites, especially gastrointestinal parasites, are one of the major animal health hazards that cause significant productivity losses of millions of rupees annually. Indigenous plant-based drugs have been used in the past in the treatment of Paramphistomosis (Satyavati et al., 1987). Herbal medicines do not have the kind of side effects or resistance compared to commercial drugs (Jadeja et al., 2006). Due to the resistance against the existing Regine of anthelmintic drugs and the possibility of drug residues in animal products, there is an urgent need for finding of new therapeutic agents to control paramphistomosis.