Publisher's Synopsis
To provide information about its plans beyond the coming year, the Department of Defense (DoD) gener-ally develops a five-year plan, called the Future Years Defense Program (FYDP), that is associated with the budget it submits to the Congress. Because decisions made in the near term can have consequences for the defense budget in the longer term, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) regularly examines DoD's FYDP and projects its budgetary impact for roughly a decade beyond the period it covers. For this analysis, CBO used the FYDP that was provided to the Congress in April 2014; it spans fiscal years 2015 to 2019, and CBO's projections span the years 2015 to 2030. For fiscal year 2015, DoD requested appropriations totaling $555 billion. Of that amount, $496 billion is for the base budget and $59 billion is for what are termed overseas contingency operations (OCO). The base bud-get covers programs that constitute the department's normal activities, such as the development and procure-ment of weapon systems and the day-to-day operations of the military and civilian workforce. Funding for OCO pays for U.S. involvement in the war in Afghani-stan and other nonroutine military activities elsewhere. The FYDP describes DoD's plans for its normal activities and therefore generally corresponds to the base budget. DoD's 2015 plans differ from its 2014 plans in important ways. For example, in an effort to reduce costs, the cur-rent FYDP includes sizable cuts in the number of military personnel, particularly in the Army. CBO produced two projections of the base-budget costs of DoD's plans as reflected in the FYDP and other long-term planning documents released by DoD. The "CBO projection" uses CBO's estimates of the costs of military activities and the extent to which those costs will change over time; those estimates reflect DoD's historical experience. The "FYDP and extension" starts with DoD's estimates of the costs of its plans through 2019 and extends them beyond 2019 using DoD's estimates if available and CBO's projections of price and compensa-tion trends for the overall economy if DoD's estimates are not available. Neither projection should be viewed as a prediction of future funding for DoD's activities; rather, the projections are estimates of the costs of executing the department's current plans without changes. The amount requested for the base budget in 2015 would comply with the limits on budget authority established by the Budget Control Act of 2011 as subsequently mod-ified, hereafter referred to simply as the Budget Control Act (BCA). After 2015, however, the costs of DoD's plans under both projections would significantly exceed CBO's estimate of the funding the department would receive under the BCA, which limits appropriations for national defense through 2021. To remain in compliance with the BCA after 2015, DoD would have to make sharp additional cuts to the size of its forces, curtail the devel-opment and purchase of weapons, reduce the extent of its operations and training, or implement some combination of those three actions.
