The Structure of Earth Including Its Shells, Discontinuities, and Arguments

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The interior structure of the Earth, similar to the outer, is layered. These layers can be defined by either their chemical or rheological properties. The Earth has an outer silicate solid crust, a highly viscous mantle, a liquid outer core that is much less viscous than the mantle, and a solid inner core. Scientific understanding of Earth's internal structure is based on observations of topography and bathymetry, observations of rock in outcrop, samples brought to the surface from greater depths by volcanic activity, analysis of the seismic waves that pass through the Earth, and measurements of the gravity field of the Earth. This book studies the Earth's structure including mesosphere, mantle, inner core, Conrad discontinuity, and divergent boundary.

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